英文篇名
TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER--AN INTRODUCTION
作者
廖文彬
摘要
台灣地區近十年來工業發展迅速,在過度強調經濟成長之餘卻忽略了生活環境之品質。社會民眾於生活水準提高之後已開始注意到周遭環境之品質,進而要求較高之生活品質。尤其在台灣地區之住宅區與商業或工業區並沒有明顯之劃分,生活環境之品質更是受到工業生產活動之影響。
〝水〞──是影響環境品質之重要因子。水依形態大約可分為三大類:大氣水、地表水及地表下水。其中在湖泊及河川之淡水僅佔0.0091%,而地下水佔0.62%〔1〕,可見地下水之儲存量遠比地表水為高。台灣地區之地下水質受污染之事件中當以高雄後勁地區最受社會所注意:其次,彰化地區電鍍業者,由於負擔不起廢水,以致影響附近之地下水質;數目眾多之垃圾掩埋場,由於底部塑膠布之破裂及滲出水收集系統之設計不當,而造成地下水之污染;台灣西部水產養殖業者因超抽地下水,導致海水入侵,因而影響部份飲用水井之水質。根據國外之經驗,地下水一旦遭受污染其整治時間及費用遠超過一般事前防範工程費用用數倍之多。故為防患於未然,吾人不可不慎。
英文摘要
Groundwater is one of the major resources. Contaminants in groundwater reduce its usage as drinking water. Therefore, the prediction and control of polluted groundwater become important issue.
The transport of pollutants in groundwater is influenced by both physical and chemical mechanisms. Physical mechanisms include molecular diffusion and mechanical dispersion which is a result of mixing and differences in transport velocity. Chemical mechanisms are numerous, including hydrolysis, adsorption, and biological degradation for organic pollutants; and including precipitation, complexation, ion exchange, surface adsorption, and oxidation-reduction reaction for inorganic pollutants. None of these mechanisms has been completely understood in groundwater environment. However, the more we understand these mechanisms influencing the fate of pollutants, the better our ability is to predict the concentration and/or the existence of pollutants in groundwater system.